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The University of Texas at Austin (often referred to as the University of Texas, UT Austin, UT, or Texas) is a major research university located in Austin, Texas and is the flagship institution of The University of Texas System.^[6][7][8][9] The main campus is located less than a mile from the Texas State Capitol. UT Austin was named one of the original eight Public Ivy institutions.^[10] Founded in 1883, the university has had the fifth largest single-campus enrollment in the nation as of fall 2007 (and had the largest enrollment in the country from 1997–2003), with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and 16,500 faculty and staff.^[3] It currently holds the largest enrollment of all colleges in the state of Texas.^[11]

The university operates various auxiliary facilities aside from the main campus, most notably the J. J. Pickle Research Campus. UT Austin is a major center for academic research, annually exceeding $400 million in funding.^[3] In addition, the university's athletic programs were recognized by Sports Illustrated as "America's Best Sports College" in 2002.

The first mention of a public university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although an article promised to establish public education in the arts and sciences, no action was ever taken by the Mexican government. After Texas obtained its independence from Mexico in 1836, the Congress of Texas adopted the Constitution of the Republic, which included a provision to establish public education in republic, including two universities or colleges. On January 26, 1839, the Congress of Texas agreed to eventually set aside fifty leagues of land towards the effort; in addition, forty acres in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated "College Hill."

In 1846, Texas was annexed into the United States. The state legislature passed the Act of 1858, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds towards construction. In addition, the legislature designated land, previously reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction, toward the universities' fifty leagues. However, Texas's secession from the Union and the American Civil War prevented further action on these plans.

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